Multi-slice computed tomography for diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasms and serous cystadenomas of the pancreas / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms and serous cystadenoma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The MSCT images were reviewed for 19 pathologically confirmed cases of pancreatic mucinous cystadenomas and 13 cases of pancreatic serous cystadenomas (n=13) treated in our center between July, 2003 and December, 2009. The CT features were analyzed including the tumor location, contour, dimension of the largest cyst, cystic wall, septation, presence of calcification, solid component, pancreatic atrophy, main pancreatic duct dilatation, and lesion margins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences were found between the two groups in lesion diameter (P=0.009), cyst distribution of the largest cyst (>2 cm) (P=0.01), and the presence of solid component (P=0.02).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCT can be of important value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms and serous cystadenomas.</p>

Assessment of coronary artery stent and radiation dose using dual source CT / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To compare a prospective ECG-gated high-pitch spiral technique (Flash) and conventional retrospective ECG-gated spiral technique for the image quality of coronary artery stent and radiation dose with a dual source CT.Methods One hundred and fifty five coronary stents in one hundred and twenty patients (mean age 64.9 ± 10.6 years,heart rates≤65 bpm) were examined using a dual source CT.All patients were divided in two groups,receiving either Flash or conventional coronary artery CT angiography separately.After images of coronary artery were reconstructed using both the smooth (B26) and sharp (B46) kernel,the coronary stent image quality and stent lumen were scored by two observers individually using four point scale (1 = excellent,4 = unvaluable) .The effective radiation dose of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol,mGy) and dose length product (DLP,mGy x cm) were also calculated for each patient.x2-test analysis of image quality and t-test analysis of radiation dose were used respectively for statistical difference between two groups.Results Interobserver agreement for stent image quality was good (Kappa =0.764,P＜0.001).The mean scores were 1.61 ±0.77 and 1.65 ±0.82 in Flash group and conventional group respectively.There was no significant difference in image quality between the two groups (x2 = 0.865,P = 0.834).The effective radiation dose in Flash group was significantly lower than that in conventional group.The mean values of CTDIvol were 3.24 ± 1.21 in Flash group and 31.26 ± 10.79 in conventional group (t = 19.83,P < 0.001) ,and the mean values of DLP in Flash group and conventional group were 54.61 ±19.88 and 468.30 ± 174.88,respectively (t = 18.06,P < 0.001).Conclusions Compared with the conventiaonal coronary artery CT angiography,the Flash coronary artery CT angiography technique has a similar coronary stent image quality,but at a lower radiation dose in patients with heart rates lower than 65 beats per minute.

Dual-energy CT myelography on detection of spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: initial study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To assess the value of dual-energy computed tomography myelography (CTM) on detecting leaks of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Methods Six patients with SIH underwent spinal CTM on a 2nd generation dual-source CT with tube voltage set at 100 and 140 kVp(with tin filter). The virtual non-contrast (VNC) and iodine map images were calculated from dual-energy images. The average weighted (AW) CTM images were mixed from two kVp images with mix factor of 0. 5. Two radiologists evaluated CSF leak using two sets of images respectively: VNC + iodine map images and AW-CTM images. The results from two reading methods were compared. The level of CSF leaks along the nerve roots, C1-2 retrospinal CSF collections, epidural CSF collections and spinal epidural venous plexus were marked. The consensus about leak sites and CSF collections was made by two radiologists in the third session Kappa statistics were used to measure the agreement between the two methods. Results Forty-one leaks were detected using VNC + iodine map images. Forty-three leaks were detected on AW images. The agreement between two methods was excellent (Kappa =0. 997 ,P ＜0. 01). There were no differences in the detection of C1-2 retrospinal CSF collections (n = 2), epidural CSF collections(n = 3) or spinal epidural venous plexus (n = 1). VNC and iodine map images demonstrated superior visual effects than AW images. Conclusion Dual-energy CTM can be used to diagnose spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks in SIH patient.

Correlation between expression of aquaporin-4 and the apparent diffusion coefficient on diffusion-weighted imaging after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in brain tissue after ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Methods A model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced by suture method. Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham-operation (A), MCAO 30 min (B), MCAO 30 min and reperfusion 30 min (D), MCAO 30 minand reperfusion 60 min (E), MCAO 60 min (C); MCAO 60 min and reperfusion 30 min (F), and MCAO 60 min and reperfusion 60 min (G) groups (n=10 in each group). The rats in all groups underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) was calculated. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect the ratio of ischemic area. Immunohistochemistry, in site hybridization, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of AQP4. Results No abnormal intensity signals were observed on DWI in sham-operation group. The ranges of the high signal intensity lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were from small to large in groups B, C, D, E, F, and G. Then it reduced gradually, so did the ischemic area. The AQP4 expression was up-regulated significantly in groups B and E. The AQP4 expression was decreased significantly after the reperfusion in all groups. 1here was significant difference between ischemic groups and reperfusion groups (all P<0. 05). The expressions of rADC and AQP4 showed negative correlation (r=0. 72, P<0.01). Conclusions The AQP4 expression in brain tissue is closely associated with the changes of ADC after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DWI may indirectly reflect the levels of AQP4 expression.

In vivo imaging of colon mucosa targeted gadolinium-loaded chitosan particles in mice with MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To synthesize a novel vector of chitosan-particles loaded with gadolinium (Gd-CPs) and observe the adhesion and absorption of the particles in the colon wall of mice with MR imaging in-vivo.Methods Chitosan particles (CPs) with and without gadolinium loaded were synthesized with the emulsion-droplet coalescence method.Sixteen mice were randomly classified into two groups.The suspension with Gd-CPs or with CPs was infused into the rectum of the 8 mice of each group,respectively.MR scans were performed before,during and 40 minutes after infusion for each mouse.Samples of the colon correlated to the enhanced area were obtained for electron microscopy examination.Signal intensity (SI) of ROIs in the wall of rectum or colon,muscles of the pelvis near the rectum and background were measured and corresponding relative SIs were calculated.Relative SI values between the two groups and pre- and post- infusion were compared with pared t test.Results Dimension of the Gd-CPs was about 500 nm,and content rate was about 30%. Values of relative SI of the rectum for pre- and post- infusion in the Gd-CPs group were 0.84±0.06 and 0.98±0.09(t=4.327,P＜0.01),respectively,while those in CPs group were 0.83±0.04 and 0.84±0.05(t=0.658.P＞0.05). The medial value of signal increase rate for CPs group was 19.0%.Gd-CPs particles were found inside the mucosal cells under the electron microscopy.Conclusion MR imaging in-vivo can reveal the phenomenon of adhesion and absorption of mucosa targeted chitosan particle carriers. Clinical MR imaging based on small animal coil is a good method to monitor colon mucosa targeted particle vectors in-vivo.

The intracranial aneurysm: cost-effective of the aneurysm intra-artery GDC embolization and the aneurysm incarcerated operation / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the aneurysm intra-artery GDC embolization and the aneurysm clapping of intracranial aneurysm, and to give the instruction for the clinical practice. Methods A case control study (1 vs. 1) was developed to evaluate the cost in hospital, the cost for return visit and the Quality-adusted Life-Year (QALY) and lifetime costs of the intra-artery GDC embolization and the aneurysm clapping of intracranial aneurysm, under the matching of the age, sex, living place, the size and place of the aneurysm, and the Hunt & Hess score. Clinically effectiveness dates were derived from the medical records. Cost dates were derived from follow-up by telephones or letters. The correlation analysis was done with the SPSS 13. 0. Results The cost in hospital in AC group was (54 945±16 946) RMBs,which washigher than the ones in AE group(63 768±12 665) RMBs, (t = 1.71, P <0. 05). The cost of missed working in AE group was 200 RMBs(the median), which was lower than the ones in AC group 650 RMBs (z =2. 57,P < 0. 01). The cost of return visit in AE group was 1200 RMBs, which was lower than the ones in AC group1950 RMBs (z = 1.82, P < 0. 05). The cost-effectiveness of the intra-artery GDC emhalization and the aneurysm clapping had no difference 3805 RMBs/year vs. 3028 RMBs/year(z =0. 42,P >0. 05). Conclusion The results suggest that the two therapies have no difference in cost effective rate. Considering the physical and mental loss, the aneurysm intra-artery GDC embolization was better than the aneurysm clapping for the patients with aneurysm that diameter less than 25 mm.

A functional magnetic resonance imaging study on writer's cramp / 中华神经科杂志

Objective In this study,functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)is performed to visualize what type of brain activity correlates with writer's cramp.Methods Ten patients with writer's cramp and ten age-and gender-matched control subjects participated in this study.fMRI block design is used.Subjects were scanned while performing three visually instructive tasks with MR Vision 2000:(1)suppositional writing;(2)writing with finger;(3)writing with a pencil.Data were analyzed with Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging(AFNI)software for groups of patients versus controls.Results Compared with controls,patients with writer's cramp showed greater activation of contralateral basal ganglion(especially the putamen,864 activated voxels in patients versus 54 in controls),ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere,and contralateral sensorimotor,supplementary motor,premoter,primary sensory cortex in the task of writing with a pencil.There is no obvious difference in the task of writing compared with finger writing.Furthermore,these differences existed in the subtractive activated maps for “writing with pencil” minus “writing with finger”,while the activation of subcortical area and insula in controls disappeared.Conclusion These results indicate that the dysfunction of basal ganglion and subcortical-cortical loop might play a pathophysiologic role in the writer's cramp.

Spiral CT urography and CT virtual endoscopy in detecting urological diseases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate spiral CT urography (SCTU) and CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in detecting urologic diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SCTU was performed in 46 patients with urological diseases including renal neoplasms (2), paropelvic cysts (2), ureteral calculi (6), ureteral stenosis (4), ureteral neoplasms (2), double kidneys and ureter malformation (1), bladder neoplasms (28) and bladder endometreosis (1). The 6 patients with ureteral diseases and 29 patients with bladder diseases underwent CTVE based on spiral CT scan. All CTVE findings were compared with those of B-mode ultrosonography, intravenous urography (IVU), retrograde pyelography (RGP), conventional CT or cystoscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All upper urinary tract diseases and bladder diseases (28 cases) were detected by SCTU and CTVE scans and they were confirmed operatively or pathologically except one case of bladder neoplasm (diameter less than 5 mm) was missed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SCTU and CTVE have proved to be non-invasive and reliable in the diagnosis of urological diseases and are superior to IVU or conventional CT. CTVE can serve as a supplementary method to fiberoptic cystoscopy or ureteroscopy.</p>

The value of MR enteroclysis with air infusion in the diagnosis of small bowel disease / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of MR enteroclysis with air infusion in the diagnosis of small bowel disease.Methods Sixteen patients with suspected small bowel disease, but without acute inflammatory disease or bowel obstruction, received MR enteroclysis with air infusion.There were 12 males and 4 females, and their age ranged from 17 to 75 years.10 patients had abdominal pain, 4 with melena or blood stool, and 2 with diarrhea.The longest course was 7 years, and the shortest 1 week.Before MR imaging, a nasoenteric catheter was inserted into the distal part of duodenum, and about 1000 ml of air was infused through the tube to distend the small bowel.20 mg of IV anisodamine was given to reduce small-bowel peristalsis.All patients were imaged with fat-saturated Gd-DTPA enhanced coronal and axial T 1-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequence and fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) sequence.Comparison between the diagnosis of MRI and the results of surgery, pathology or clinic was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of MRI.Results 5 cases were normal, 6 with Crohn disease, 2 with gastric intestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and 1 each of lymphoma, tuberculosis and irritable bowel syndrome.The lumen of normal small bowel in MR enteroclysis was no signal, the wall was outlined as middle signal by intraluminal air and surrounding air-distended bowel and was between 1-3 mm thick, and the diameter of the lumen was between 17-28 mm.Crohn disease showed segmental mural thickening, increased enhancement, luminal stricture, and even extraluminal inflammatory mass or fistula.Intestinal tuberculosis invaded the distal section of ileum, cecum, and the proximal ascending colon, the wall thickened and enhanced apparently, and cecum and proximal ascending colon shortened.GIST showed a mass that was iso-signal on T 1WI, high signal on T 2WI, and enhanced significantly after IV Gd-DTPA.1 recurrent lymphoma of ileum showed mural thickening and increased enhancement but no stenosis.1 irritable bowel syndrome is disfunction, so its shape and signal is normal.Except 1 Crohn disease, which showed a large mass, was misdiagnosed as lymphoma and no abnormality was found in 1 irritable bowel syndrome, the other diagnosis of MRI was correct.The sensitivity in diagnosing small intestinal disease was 100%, and the specificity was 83%.Conclusion MR enteroclysis with air infusion is a sensitive method in diagnosing the small bowel disease, especially in Crohn disease and tumor.It can clearly display the mural thickening and the extraluminal inflammatory mass.

CT Findings of the Giant Mass in Lesser Peritoneal Sac / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study CT findings of the giant mass in lesser peritoneal sac.Methods Thirty cases of the giant mass in lesser peritoneal sac proved by surgery and biopsy were examined by CT scan.Results There were four cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (three in stomach and one in duodenum) , two cases of pancreatic cancer , one case of pancreatic cyst-solid papilloma , three cases of non-function neuroendocrine carcinoma in pancreas , two cases of pancreatic peudocyst and one case of mesenterial lymphoma. Conclusion Based on the typical imaging findings ,CT can accurately diagnosis the giant mass in lesser peritoneal sac.

Duodenal Malignant Tumor:CT Diagnosis and Differentiating Diagnosis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study CT findings of duodenal malignant tumor.Methods Plain and contrast-enhanced CT date of 20 patients with duodenal malignant tumor proved by pathology were retrospectively analysed.Results There were three adenocarcinomas, two lymphomas, three malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, three ampulla carcinomas, eight carcinomas of head of pancreas, one pancreatic nonfunction neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. Duodenal adenocarcinoma manifested as local irregular constriction of cavity accompanied with soft tissue mass. After enhancement, the mass manifested as moderate enhancement. Lymphoma manifested as extensive duodenal wall thickening or extracavity mass,after enhancement,the mass was manifested as mild enhancement. Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor manifested as massive mass with heterogeneous marked enhancement,ileus was not obvious. Ampulla carcinoma manifested as local soft tissues mass with mild and moderate enhancement in the media of duodenal descent part, intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct dialated. Carcinoma of head of pancreas involving duodenum manifested as duodenal medial wall roug,mass in the head of pancreas with no enhancement, intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct dilated. Pancreatic nonfunction neuroendocrine cell carcinoma involving duodenum manifested as massive mass with marked enhancement in the head of pancreas,there was indistinction between mass and duodenum, intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct were non-dilation.Conclusion CT scan plays an important role in the diagnosis of duodenal malignant tumor.

Imaging diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of intracranial dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors(DNT),and to evaluate the role of CT and MRI in their diagnosis.Methods We presented 8 DNTs cases confirmed histopathologically after operation.CT and MRI features were retrospectively analyzed(3 cases received MR scan only and 5 had both studies),compared with the surgical findings and pathological appearance.Results Eight patients had totally 11 tumors with multifoci in 2 cases.Six DNTs were located in the temporal lobe,1 lesion involved the parietal lobe,1 in the frontal lobe,1 in the brain stem,1 in the cerebellum,and 1 in the frontal and temporal lobe simultaneously.All lesions were observed intracortically,and partial of them extended into the subcortical location.On 5 non-contrast CT scans,3 DNTs were homogeneously hypodense;1 case contained isodense nodules within the hypodense focus.Peripheral spotty calcification was found in 1 case.On pre-contrast MR images,all lesions showed hypointense on T_1-weighted images,moreover,multicystic change with more markedly decreased signal intensity was observed.The DNT had a well-demarcated,multinodular gyriform configuration,or a soap bubble appearance at the cortical margin.On T_2-weighted images,high signal intensity of the tumors was seen except for hypointense calcification.The bone remodeling of the adjacent calvaria was noticed in(1 case.) The tumors had slightly increased signal intensity on FLAIR(fluid attenuated inversion recovery) in 2 cases,and homogeneously mild hyperintense on PDW(proton density weighted imaging),while the isointense focus was observed in one case on DWI(diffusion weighted imaging).No obvious enhancement was identified except 1 lesion with mild enhancement following intravenous administration of contrast material.3 tumors had ill-defined contours,whereas the others showed well-demarcated margins.No surrounding vasogenic edema was present except 2 foci with slight edema.Conclusion DNT usually shows characteristic radiologic findings,in combination with the clinical presentation and history,the diagnostic accuracy should be improved,and,as such,unnecessary radiation and/or chemotherapy may be avoided.

CT features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of CT in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in 4 patients with pathology confirmed XGC. Abdomen CT scans with and without contrast enhancement were performed in all patients. Results Only 1 case was correctly diagnosed before surgery. CT findings included gallbladder enlargement (3 patients), gallbladder wall thickening ( 4 patients), gallstone (1 patient), and common bile duct stone (1 patient). The maximum wall thickness was between 4 mm and 30 mm, with irregular low-density layer inside. Mucosal line was normal in 2 and pericholecystic infiltration in 1. After contrast administration, hypodense band sign was revealed in 2 and rim enhancement sign around the nodules was shown in 1 at arterial phase. Conclusion CT features of hypodense band sign and rim enhancement sign around the nodules in the arterial phase of contrast enhanced CT are strongly suggestive of XGC.

The Analysis on the Reliability of MRI Malignant Signs of Soft Tissue Masses in Extremities / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the reliability of MRI malignant signs of soft tissue masses in extremities.Methods MRI features of soft tissue masses were analyzed retrospectively with emphasis on 30 cases with malignant MRI signs based on pathologic results,and these 30 cases were divided into two groups(benign lesions and malignant tumor group).The reliability of malignant signs for malignant tumor was evaluated.Results(1)The qualitative diagnostic accurate rate for benign and malignant masses was 89.7% and the histopathologic qualitative diagnostic accurate rate was 66.2% by MRI;(2)The findings of invasion and edema around the masses in diagnosis of malignant tumors had a remarkable statistical significance among five malignant signs(P0.05);(3)The sign of indefinite sturcture of muscular fibrosis had statistical significance between benign and malignant tumor diagnosis(P

CT and MR Diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma(A Report of one Case and a Review of the Literature) / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To describe CT and MR apearance of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma .Methods CT and MR findings ofretroperitoneal tumor in a patient with ganglioneuroma biopsy-proved were retrospectively analyzed,and a literature review was conducted. Results The mass was well-circumscribed,non-enhanced CT showed homogeneous low atenuation, and a punctate calcification was seeninside tumor.Contrast uptake was delayed.Progressive but incomplete enhancement was observed.On MRI,T_2WI showed a high signalintensity and T_1WI show a low signal intensity.Enhanced MR depicted the mild enhancment.Conclusion Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a rare tumor which should nevertheless be included in differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses when presenting as a well-delimitedtumor with possible tendency to surroud or displace major blood vessels.Low density on non-enhanced CT,and delayed progressiveenhancement on CT and MRI.

3D-TOF MRA in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Hemifacial Spasm and Trigeminal Neuralgia / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the clinical significance of 3 dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF-MRA) for the pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia(TN).Methods 48 patients with HFS and 46 patients without HFS and 42 patients with TN and 40 patients without TN were examined by MRI and 3D-TOF-MRA by the enhancement of DTPA. Diagnosis of the presence of compressions in the root exit zone(REZ) of facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were done by two radiologists on an independent console. Results (1)In the patients, compression of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were detected on 45 spastic sides (93.8%,neurovascular on 44 sides and tumor on 1 side) and 36 spastic sides ( 85.7%,neurovascular on 32 sides and tumor on 4 sides ), 8 and 4 on the asymptomatic sides (16.7% and 9.5%, all neurovascular ). In the controls, 4 and 5 sides ( 4.4% and 6.3% ) were found in the compression of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves. ( 2 ) The offending vessels of compression of the REZ of the facial nerves were the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 17 cases ( 38.6% ), the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 12 cases (27.3%), the vertebral artery (VA) in 6 cases (13.6%). The offending vessels of compression of the REZ of the trigeminal nerves were the superior cerebellar artery ( SCA ) in 18 cases ( 56.3% ), the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 5 cases (15.6%), the difficult identified vessels (DIV) in 4 cases (12.5%). (3)The relative risks of microvascular compressions which cause HFS and TN were 26.6 and 9.84. (4) The compressions of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were proved in 4 cases (neurovascular 3 cases and tumor 1 case) and 10 cases (neurovascular 6 cases and tumor 4 casee) in the operation.Conclusion MRI and enhanced 3D-TOF-MRA appeare to be the best imaging technology for the pathogenesis of HFS and TN now. The major causes of HFS and TN may be different neurovascular compressions in the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves, some cases are caused by tumor compression.

The Comparison of CT Angiography(CTA) and DSA in Neurovascular Disease / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To assess the value of CTA and DSA in neurovascular diseases.Methods 20 cases with suspected neurovascular disorders who received CTA and DSA examination between March 1999 and August 2000 were retrospectively collected.The sensitivity,specifility and accurate rate of CTA were analysed compared with DSA as gold standard.Results In 20 cases,neurovascular disorders were found in 17 on CTA.18 lesions were detected,including 6 aneurysms,9 arteriovenous malformations(AVM),2 carotid cavernous fistulae(CCFs)and 1 arterial stenosis.By contrast,19 lesions in 17 cases were detected by DSA,including 7 aneurysms,8 AVMs,2 arterial stenoses and 2 CCFs.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CTA in the detection of neurovascular disorders were 90.6%,95.2% and 90.6% respectively.Conclusion 3D-CTA is a new modality with high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of neurovascular disorders.As it can be obtained simply,conveniently and safely with mild injury to the patient,CTA can be used in the diagnosis of neurovascular diseases,especially in the AVMs.

Value of Dynamic Spiral CT in Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To detect the value of dynamic spiral CT on the prostatic cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH).Methods Plain and dynamic spiral CT scans were obtained in 88 male patients with various ages due to prostate or other pelvis diseases.Out of these detailed data in 5 cases of prostate cancer and 11 cases of BPH which were confirmed by operation and pathology were available.Contrast enhancement pattern and degree were correlated with the pathological and operational findings.Results Prostate was enlarged in all cases except one prostate cancer and 3 cases of BPH within normal limits in size.The contour of the prostate was irregular in all cancer cases and one BPH.On dynamic CT scans,prostatic malignant lesions appeared iso-hypodensity with the rest of the prostate gland at the arterial stage and low density at the veinous stage.Diffuse heterogeneous central enhancement was found in 10 cases of BPH at the arterial stage,especially in the lateral lobes and further enhancement was found in 10 cases of BPH at the arterial stage,especially in the lateral lobes and further enhancement was found at the middle stage.There was little enhancement in the peripheral part at the arterial and veinous stages in BPH.The ratio of the central and the peripheral decreased.One case of BPH within normal size had spotty enhancement in the central part.On delayed CT scans 8 cases of BPH showed homogeneous enhancement in the total prostate gland.Conclusion Prostate cancer and BPH have their own characteristic enhancement patterns and degress,therefore dynamic spiral CT scan could help make differentiation between the two disease.

Contrast-enhanced digital subtraction MRI in musculoskeletal malignant tumors / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of contrast-enhanced digital subtraction MRI in musculoskeletal malignant tumors.Methods Fifty patients with musculoskeletal malignant tumors were scanned by contrast enhanced T 1WI with an injection of Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg), and digital subtraction was performed between post-contrast-enhanced images and pre-contrast-enhanced images. Musculoskeletal malignant tumors were evaluated by means of a contrast-to-noise ratio (C/Ns). Imaging sign of the musculoskeletal malignant tumors were compared between subtraction MR images and conventional contrast enhanced MR images.Results Contrast-enhanced digital subtraction MR images were better than conventional contrast enhanced MR images. All cases were confirmed by operation or pathology. All the lesions had higher C/Ns on subtraction MR imaging than on conventional contrast enhanced MR images. C/Ns was 109.74?5.10 (?s) for subtraction MR imaging and 23.61?3.16 for conventional contrast enhanced MR images (t=101.51, P

CT and MRI diagnosis of solid-cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI findings of solid-cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas, and to improve the diagnosis ability of the disease. Methods CT was performed in all 3 patients with solid-cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas proved surgically and pathologically. Of all 3 patients, plain and dynamic enhanced MRI was performed in 1 patient. Both clinical characteristics and CT and MRI findings were analyzed retrospectively. Results All 3 patients were young female without jaundice and were found to have giant solid-cystic mass in the head of pancreas. In 1 of 3 patients, calcification was found in the mass on CT scan. One patient was found to have mild pancreatic duct dilation. No intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilation was showed in 3 patients. MRI findings in one patient demonstrated mixed signal intensity on T 1WI and T 2WI. On enhanced CT and MRI, the wall of cyst and solid portions of the mass showed obvious enhancement. Conclusion CT and MRI findings of solid-cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas are characteristic, and the disease can be preoperatively diagnosed combined with the clinical feature.